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AIDS;    How AIDS cause? Can you recover from AIDS？Can AIDS kills？What are HIV/AIDS? Where did HIV come from? How do I know if I have HIV? you have all these questions in your mind then lets see the HIV/AIDS: causes symptoms treatments and more.     The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This means deficiency of immune system, acquired during the lifetime of an individual indicating that it is not a congenital disease. Syndrome means a group of symptoms. AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in the last 25 years or so, it has spread all over the world killing more than 25 million persons. Cause;  AIDS is caused by the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), a member of group of viruses called retrovirus. Transmission of HIV-infection generally occurs by a) Sexual contact with infected person b) By transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products  c) By sharing infected needles as in case of intravenous drug abusers and  d) Children born to an HIV

  Detection and treatment of cancer Early detection of cancers is essential as it allows the disease to be treated successfully in many cases. Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in the case of leukemias. Biopsy ; In biopsy, a piece of suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope (histopathological studies) by a pathologist . Techniques of detection Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very use full to detect cancer of the internal organs. Computed tomography;   This technique uses X-rays to generate a three dimensional image of the internals of an object. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);  MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to detect accurately pathological and physiological changes in the living tissues. Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens ara

  Cancer Cancer  is one of the most dreaded diseases of human beings and is a major cause of death all over the globe. More than a million Indians suffer from cancer and a large number of them die from it annually.   Causes of cancer;   In our body, cell growth and differentiation is highly controlled and regulated. In cancer cells, there is breakdown of these regulatory mechanisms. Normal cells show a property called cotnact inhibition by virtue of which contact of other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth. Cancer cells appears to have lost this property. As a result of this, cancerous cells just continue to divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors. Tumors are of two types;                     1.   Benign tumor and                     2.   Malagnant tumor Transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells may be induced by physical,chemical or biological agents. These agents are called carcinogens.   Physical carcinogens; Ionising radiations like X-rays and

Allergies;               w hen you have gone to a new place and suddenly you started sneezing, wheezing for no explained reason, and when you went away, your symptoms dissappeared. Did you know why this happened? som e of us are sensitive to some particles in the environment.The above mentioned reactions could be because allergy to pollen, mites, etc.                         The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergy.                                  The substances to which such a immune response is produced are called allergens. The antibodies produced to these are IgE type. Common examples of allergens are mites in dust, pollens, animal dander, etc. Symptoms of allergic reactions include sneezing, watery eyes, running nose and difficulty in breathing. Cause; Allergy is due to the release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin from the mast cells.   Detection and Treatment; For determining the cause of allergy, t

Immunity;                     Every day we are exposed to large number of infectious agents. However only a few of  these exposures result in disease. why? This is due to the fact that our body is able defend itself from most of these foreign agents. This overall ability of the host to fight against the disease causing organisms, conferred by the immune system is called Immunity.                              Immunity is of two types ;      Innate Immunity;                                Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth this is accomplished by providing diffrent types of barriers to the entry of foreign agents into our body the four type of barreirs are :-  physical barriers  physiological barriers  cellular barriers  cytokine barriers      Aquired Immunity;                                        Aquired Immunity, On the Other hand is pathogen specific. It is charecterised by memory. This means that our body when it encounters a p