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Dual nature of Light


Dual nature of Light;

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What are the two nature of light ?  What is meant by dual nature of light? What did Louis de Broglie discover? Is light is a wave or it is a particle or both ?Let us know all these things..

Wave nature of light;


  


 The wave nature of light was well established by the end of the nineteenth
century. The phenomena of interference, diffraction and polarisation were explained
in a natural and satisfactory way by the wave picture of light. According to this
picture, light is an electromagnetic wave consisting of electric and magnetic fields
with continuous distribution of energy over the region of space over which the wave
is extended. But the wave picture of light is unable to explain the most basic features
of photoelectric emission.
Photoelectric effect thus gave the evidence to the strange fact that light in
interaction whit matter behaved as if it was made of quanta or packets of energy,
each of energy hv. Let us now know about…

Particle nature of light;


  

 Is the light quantum of energy associated with a particle? Einstein arrived at the
important result, that the light quantum can also be associated with
momentum(hv/c). A definite value of energy as well as momentum is a strong sign
that the light quantum can be associated with a particle. The particle was further ,
confirmed in 1924, by the experiment of A.H Compton (1892-1962) on scattering of
X-rays from electrons. In 1921 , Einstein was awarded the Noble Prize in Physics for
his contribution to theoretical physics and the photoelectric effect. In 1923, Millikan
was awarded the Noble Prize in physics for his work on the elementary charge of
electricity and on the photoelectric effect.

Dual nature of light;


 The dual nature of light comes out clearly from what we have learnt. The wave
nature of light shows up in the phenomena of interaction, diffraction and
polarisation. On the other hand, in photoelectric effect and Compton effect which
innvolve energy and momentum transfer, radiation behaves as if it is made up of a
bunch of particles - the photons.
    In 1924, the French physicist Louis Victor de Broglie (1892-1987) put forward the
bold hypothesis that moving particles of matter should display wave-like properties
under suitable conditions. He reasoned that nature was symmetrical character. If
radiation shows dual aspects, so should matter. De broglie proposed that the
wavelength associated with a particle of momentum p is given as ..
                        𝝺=h/p=h/mv

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